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<title>Interactive Application System</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interactive Application System</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Interactive Application System (IAS)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="RSX-11" title="RSX-11">RSX-11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1975<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1975</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.4 / May 1990<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1990-05</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Supported platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Influenced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="RSX-11D" class="mw-redirect" title="RSX-11D">RSX-11D</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br>user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data">PDS or MCR <a href="Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Interactive Application System (IAS)</b> was a <a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> operating system for the <a href="PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IASpdfDEC.bits34_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASpdfDEC.bits34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a <a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">fork</a> from <a href="RSX-11D" class="mw-redirect" title="RSX-11D">RSX-11D</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IAShist.DEC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAShist.DEC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The last major release, Version 3.0, began distribution late 1979;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the final version, 3.4, came out May 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-IASpdfDEC.bits34_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASpdfDEC.bits34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>DEC's RSX-11A and C were <a href="Paper_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper tape">paper tape</a> based, B had limited disk support, "D" was for disk, and the "M" designation was for "small Memory

requirement" /later "Multi-user"<sup id="cite_ref-IAShist.DEC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAShist.DEC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with RSX-11M Plus being a followup). <i>IAS</i> was designed to a mix of "concurrent timesharing, real-time and batch."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <i>looking back</i> described it as "bare basics .. handled interrupts .. scheduled processes, and provided interprocess communications" without being "all things to all people."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another description, rather than focusing on taking away overhead, wrote "IAS (Interactive Application System) was created by adding two things to 11D."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>RSX-11's use of a <i>version number</i> as part of a file's identifier: <i>MYFILE.DAT;3</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was retained by IAS.

</p><p>The <a href="Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch facility</a>'s command files used the same syntax as the <i>indirect command files</i> available to interactive users; multiple batch jobs could run concurrently.<sup id="cite_ref-IASpdfDEC.bits34_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASpdfDEC.bits34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.2">: p.2 </span></sup> The system could be tuned to either leave unused CPU cycles to batch, or to guarantee a minimum level (without taking from Real Time requirements).<sup id="cite_ref-IASpdfDEC.bits34_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASpdfDEC.bits34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.1">: p.1 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.28">: p.28 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>IAS provided two different Command Language Interpreter (CLI) interfaces - the <a href="RSX-11#Operation" title="RSX-11">RSX-11 MCR</a>, and the Program Development System (PDS). PDS was an early implementation of the <a href="Digital_Command_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Command Language">Digital Command Language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IASpdfDEC.bits34_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASpdfDEC.bits34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>DEC's Sort/Merge utility program was distributed as part of IAS.<sup id="cite_ref-IASpdfDEC.bits34_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASpdfDEC.bits34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.10">: p.10 </span></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2></div>

<p>The system can be operated in one of three <i>modes</i>: Real-Time, Multi-User, and Timesharing.<sup id="cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Multi-User</i> shares the system with Real-Time tasks; <i>Timesharing</i> adds effective concurrent use of <i>batch processing</i> alongside "noncritical real-time tasks" and interactive users.<sup id="cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp.10–13">: pp.10–13 </span></sup> Timesharing also adds <i>Timesharing Control Primitives</i> (TCP), described as a "mechanism for timesharing tasks to invoke and communicate with other timesharing tasks."<sup id="cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.13">: p.13 </span></sup> An evaluation by <a href="TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW</a>'s Defense and Space Systems Group for Tactical Operations Analysis Support Facility at <a href="Langley_Air_Force_Base" title="Langley Air Force Base">Langley AFB VA</a> highlighted the "IAS heuristic timesharing scheduler" and "subtasking support at the Kernel Executive level via the SPAWN system directive."<sup id="cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.28">: p.28 </span></sup>

</p><p>The <i>heuristic timesharing scheduler</i> tracks "history of performance and degree of interaction."<sup id="cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.29">: p.29 </span></sup>

</p><p>Some failure recovery is built into both the DEC hardware and IAS software.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/ias/v3.4/IAS_3.4A_SPD_May1990.pdf">"IAS_3.4A_SPD_May1990 PDF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BitSavers</i>. May 1990.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"D" for Disk, since 11A & 11C were paper-tape based</span>

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<li id="cite_note-IAShist.DEC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAShist.DEC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAShist.DEC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s3data.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/dec.digital_1957_to_the_present_(1978).1957-1978.102630349.pdf">"DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION - Nineteen Fifty-Seven To The Present (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. 1975"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/catalogs/AV-3468J-TC_SysSwCataOct79.pdf">"PDP-11 System Software Component Catalogue"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. October 1979.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1">"PDP-11/70 new multifunction operating system: IAS (Interactive Application System)". <i><a href="Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. April 23, 1975. p. 25.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Newly announced PDP-11/70 operating system". <i><a href="Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a></i>. February 26, 1975. p. 35.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421233326/https://forums.theregister.com/forum/all/2007/06/20/usenix_07_opening_keynote/">"Interactive Application System (IAS) Anyone?"</a>. June 21, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forums.theregister.com/forum/all/2007/06/20/usenix_07_opening_keynote">the original</a> on April 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2020</span>. <q>file systems, databases, .. etc were applications called by other applications</q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/decus/DECUS_SIG_Newsletters/DECUS_US_Chapters_SIG_Newsletters_V02_N07_Mar1987.pdf">"DECUS US chapters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. March 1987.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/handbooks/PDP11_Software_Handbook_1978.pdf">"PDP-11 Software Handbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1978.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-IASperfAnaly.mil-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IASperfAnaly.mil_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFR._TurnerH._Levy1976" class="citation book cs1">R. Turner; H. Levy (1976). "Performance evaluation of IAS on the PDP-11/70". <i>Proceedings of the 1976 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Computer performance modeling measurement and evaluation - SIGMETRICS '76</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">71–</span>74. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F800200.806183">10.1145/800200.806183</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36177762">36177762</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Inter-task transmission .. region access"</span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/ias/v3.4/AA-H006C-TC_IAS_MCR_Users_Guide_199005.pdf"><i>IAS MCR User's Guide</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Digital Equipment Corporation. May 1990.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFG._Slaton1980" class="citation report cs1">G. Slaton (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a086750.pdf">Tactical Operations Analysis System (TOAS) Baseline Configuration</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>apps.DTIC.mil</i> (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190429085243/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a086750.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 29, 2019.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Digital_Equipment_Corporation805" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ken_Olsen" title="Ken Olsen">Ken Olsen</a> (founder and CEO, 1957–1992)</li>

<li><a href="Harlan_Anderson" title="Harlan Anderson">Harlan Anderson</a> (co-founder)</li>

<li><a href="Gordon_Bell" title="Gordon Bell">Gordon Bell</a> (VP of engineering)</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Palmer_(computer_businessman)" title="Robert Palmer (computer businessman)">Robert Palmer</a> (CEO, 1992–1998)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set<br>architectures</a>,<br><a href="Processor_(computing)" title="Processor (computing)">processors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="PDP-11_architecture" title="PDP-11 architecture">PDP-11</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="MicroVAX_78032" title="MicroVAX 78032">MicroVAX 78032</a></li>

<li><a href="Rigel_(microprocessor)" title="Rigel (microprocessor)">Rigel</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rigel_(microprocessor)#Mariah" title="Rigel (microprocessor)">Mariah</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alpha_21064" title="Alpha 21064">Alpha 21064</a>

<li><a href="Alpha_21164" title="Alpha 21164">Alpha 21164</a> (<a href="Alpha_21164#Alpha_21164PC_(PCA56)" title="Alpha 21164">21164PC</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Alpha_21264" title="Alpha 21264">Alpha 21264</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpha_21364" title="Alpha 21364">Alpha 21364</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpha_21464" title="Alpha 21464">Alpha 21464</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DEC_PRISM" title="DEC PRISM">MicroPRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">Computer<br>terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br>systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PDP-7#Software" title="PDP-7">DECsys</a></li>

<li><a href="VAXELN" title="VAXELN">VAXELN</a></li>

<li><a href="ULTRIX" class="mw-redirect" title="ULTRIX">ULTRIX</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital UNIX">Digital UNIX</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming<br>languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BASIC-8" title="BASIC-8">BASIC-8</a></li>

<li><a href="DIBOL" title="DIBOL">DIBOL</a></li>

<li><a href="FOCAL_(programming_language)" title="FOCAL (programming language)">FOCAL</a></li>

<li><a href="MACRO-10" title="MACRO-10">MACRO-10</a></li>

<li><a href="MACRO-11" title="MACRO-11">MACRO-11</a></li>

<li><a href="MUMPS" title="MUMPS">MUMPS</a></li>

<li><a href="VAX_MACRO" title="VAX MACRO">VAX MACRO</a></li>

<li><a href="DIGITAL_Command_Language" title="DIGITAL Command Language">DIGITAL Command Language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Code page 1100</a> (Multinational)</li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">Code page 1287</a> (Greek)</li>

<li><a href="Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">Code page 1288</a> (Turkish)</li>

<li><a href="DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">RADIX 50</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Bus standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digital_Storage_Systems_Interconnect" title="Digital Storage Systems Interconnect">Digital Storage Systems Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Massbus" title="Massbus">Massbus</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_Disk_Interconnect" title="Standard Disk Interconnect">Standard Disk Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchronous_Backplane_Interconnect" title="Synchronous Backplane Interconnect">Synchronous Backplane Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li>

<li><a href="Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li>

<li><a href="VAXBI" title="VAXBI">VAXBI</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DECserver" title="DECserver">DECserver</a></li>

<li><a href="DECtalk" title="DECtalk">DECtalk</a></li>

<li><a href="DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a></li>

<li><a href="DECwriter" title="DECwriter">DECwriter</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Linear_Tape" title="Digital Linear Tape">Digital Linear Tape</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamically_Redefined_Character_Set" title="Dynamically Redefined Character Set">Dynamically Redefined Character Set</a></li>

<li><a href="Firefly_(cache_coherence_protocol)" title="Firefly (cache coherence protocol)">Firefly</a></li>

<li><a href="Flip-Chip_module" title="Flip-Chip module">Flip-Chip module</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_Storage_Control_Protocol" title="Mass Storage Control Protocol">Mass Storage Control Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="PALcode" title="PALcode">PALcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Star_coupler" title="Star coupler">Star coupler</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Module" title="System Module">System Module</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li>

<li><a href="AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a></li>

<li><a href="Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li>

<li><a href="DECnet" title="DECnet">DECnet</a></li>

<li><a href="DECUS" title="DECUS">DECUS</a>

<ul><li><a href="HP-Interex" title="HP-Interex">HP-Interex</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Federal_Credit_Union" title="Digital Federal Credit Union">Digital Federal Credit Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_debugging_technique" title="Dynamic debugging technique">Dynamic debugging technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_Area_Transport" title="Local Area Transport">Local Area Transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Maintenance_Operations_Protocol" title="Maintenance Operations Protocol">Maintenance Operations Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="On-line_Debugging_Tool" title="On-line Debugging Tool">On-line Debugging Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="PALcode" title="PALcode">PALcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Record_Management_Services" title="Record Management Services">Record Management Services</a></li>

<li><a href="ReGIS" title="ReGIS">ReGIS</a></li>

<li>Sequence and Batch Language</li>

<li><a href="Sixel" title="Sixel">Sixel</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Reference_Manual" class="mw-redirect" title="System Reference Manual">System Reference Manual</a></li>

<li><a href="DEC_Systems_Research_Center" title="DEC Systems Research Center">Systems Research Center</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Ultimate_Entrepreneur" title="The Ultimate Entrepreneur">The Ultimate Entrepreneur</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"></span></span> Computers template</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Digital_Equipment_Corporation" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Digital Equipment Corporation">Commons</a></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-23" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Interactive_Application_System&oldid=1287067306">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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